Involving older adults in the design process: a human-centric Design Thinking approach

Inês Dias, Elísio Costa, Óscar Mealha
pp. 85 – 110, download
(https://doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-054-004)

Abstract

A product’s acceptance depends on the experience that it provides to its users. To consider user’s contextualised specific needs an user-centred design process is recommended. Human-centric design considers human´s opinions as a design priority,  and puts them in the “centre” of the iterative design process. To understand the end-users influence (adults 55+ experience) in  product development, we conducted an empirical study with 25 participants, supported by a human-centric co-design thinking process (participatory design) with collection of qualitative data. In this article we report a Design Based Research (DBR) study, that compares the acceptance of a set of two audio-visual artefacts: designed with adults older than 55 and a design process supported only by the designer’s expertise. Overall we believe this study depicts evidence that audio-visual artefacts for the online platform ICTskills4All are more effective when co-designed and validated with end-users.

Keywords: Co-design, Design Thinking, Digital Literacy, Older adults, User-Centred Design.

References

1.     United Nations: World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights | Multimedia Library – United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, (2019)
2.     Midão L., Pedreiro E., Pinho M.S., Dias I., Almada M., Garcia K.R., Rodrigues L.S., Christensen C., Pereira P.T., Bertram M., Busse G., Quarta B., Poulain M.M., Heery D., Ruseva G., Irbe M.M., Amaral M., Costa E.: Computer Skills Among the Community-Dwelling 55+ European Population Based on Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence, 11, pp. 31–45 (2020), https://doi.org/10.4018/IJDLDC.2020010102
3.     Coelho A.R.: Os seniores na sociedade em rede: dinâmicas de promoção da inclusão e da literacia digitais em Portugal ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, (2017)
4.     Damant J., Knapp M., Freddolino P., Lombard D.: Effects of digital engagement on the quality of life of older people Health Soc Care Community, 25, pp. 1679–1703 (2016), https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12335
5.     Ferreira S.: Tecnologias de informação e comunicação e o cidadão sénior : estudo sobre o impacto em variáveis psicossociais e a conceptualização de serviços com e para o cidadão sénior, Universidade de Aveiro, (2013)
6.     Calisto J.: Universidades da terceira idade e envelhecimento ativo: a Academia dos Saberes de Aveiro e a Universidade Sénior de Cacia: construção de pontes. , Universidade de Aveiro, (2015)
7.     Vaportzis E., Giatsi Clausen M., Gow A.J.: Older Adults Perceptions of Technology and Barriers to Interacting with Tablet Computers: A Focus Group Study Front Psychol, 8, (2017), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01687
8.     Maslow A.H.: A theory of human motivation. Psychol Rev, 50, pp. 370–396 (1943), https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
9.     Muller M.J., Kuhn S.: Participatory Design Commun. ACM, 36, pp. 24–28 (1993), https://doi.org/10.1145/153571.255960
10.  Hoadley C.: Methodological Alignment in Design-Based Research Educ Psychol, 39, pp. 203–212 (2004), https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3904_2
11.  Stickdorn M., Schneider J.: This is Service Design Thinking: Basics, Tools, Cases, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, (2011)
12.  Association. W.M.: World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bull World Health Organ, 79, pp. 373–374 (2001)
13.  Battarbee K., Suri J.F., Howard S.G., IDEO: Empathy on the Edge, Scaling and Sustaining a Human-Centered Approach (2014)
14.  Lourenço L.: Contributos do Design Inclusivo na Autonomia e Independência dos Idosos, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, (2018)
15.  Daré A.C.: Design de iluminação voltado aos idosos Reação, 14, pp. 8–11 (2010)
16.  Derungs Licht AG: Lighting for Senior Care Good Lighting Enriching Life, DERUNGS LICHT AG, (2016)
17.  Lister C., West J.H., Cannon B., Sax T., Brodegard D.: Just a Fad? Gamification in Health and Fitness Apps JMIR Serious Games, 2, pp. e9 (2014), https://doi.org/10.2196/games.3413
18.  Hendry C., Farley A., McLafferty E.: Anatomy and physiology of the senses Nursing Standard, 27, pp. 35–42 (2012), https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2012.10.27.5.35.c9332
19.  Isle B.A., Denno S., Metz S. v: Human Factors Design Guidelines for Elderly and People with Disabilities Minneapolis: Honeywell, (1992)
20.  de Sales M.B., de Abreu Cybis W.: Development of a checklist for the evaluation of the web accessibility for the aged users Presented at the December (2003), https://doi.org/10.1145/944519.944533
21.  Glisky E.L.: Changes in Cognitive Function in Human Aging, CRC Press/Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, (2007), https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420005523-1
22.  Czaja S., Sharit J.: Designing Training and Instructional Programs for Older Adults (Human Factors and Aging), CRC Press, (2012)
23.  Vaz Serra A.: O que significa envelhecer, Coimbra: Psiquiatria Clínica, (2006)
24.  Wong C.Y., Ibrahim R., Mansor E.: Usability and Design Issues of Smartphone User Interface and Mobile Apps for Older Adults: 5th International Conference, i-USEr 2018, Puchong, Malaysia, August 28–30, 2018, Proceedings Presented at the December (2018), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1628-9_9
25.  Patrick V.M., Hollenbeck C.R.: Designing for All: Consumer Response to Inclusive Design Journal of Consumer Psychology, (2021), https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1225
26.  Omotayo F.O.: Use and Non-Use of Internet Banking Among Elderly People in Nigeria International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 7, pp. 42–54 (2020), https://doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v7i2.28597
27.  Frigola G.: Universal design, inclusive design, and equity-focused design, https://medium.com/@genis.hti/universal-design-inclusive-design-and-equity-focused-design-df51e1e9d4f0, (2021)
28.  Fischer B., Peine A., Östlund B.: The Importance of User Involvement: A Systematic Review of Involving Older Users in Technology Design Gerontologist, 60, pp. e513–e523 (2020), https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz163
29.  W3C: Notes on User Centered Design Process (UCD), https://www.w3.org/WAI/redesign/ucd
30.  Page Larry: Foundations of User Experience (UX) Design, Week 2, Prioritize the user, https://coursera.org/share/bb036a3d8c51cbd613bc6fdec596e942
31.  Ball J.: The Double Diamond: A universally accepted depiction of the design process,
32.  Dubberly H.: How do you design? A Compendium of Models Dubberly Design Office, pp. 24–25 (2008)
33.  ICTskills4All: ICTskills4All – Empowering old adult citizens for a Digital World, https://www.up.pt/ictskills4all/, (2018)
34.  Aposentados Pensionistas e Reformados [APRe!]: APRe! – Aposentados, Pensionistas e Reformados , https://www.apre-associacaocivica.pt/, (2021)
35.  Dam R.F., Siang T.Y.: Learn How to Use the Best Ideation Methods: SCAMPER, https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/learn-how-to-use-the-best-ideation-methods-scamper, (2020)
36.  Carretero S., Vuorikari R., Punie Y.: DigComp 2.1: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use, (2017)
37.  Dias I.: Co-creating with adults 55+ to develop ICT audiovisual learning content, (2021)
38.  Laugwitz B., Held T., Schrepp M.: Construction and Evaluation of a User Experience Questionnaire, (2008), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89350-9_6

back to Table of Contents