Exploring Circularity Toolkits for SMEs Learning Ecosystems.

Massimo Bianchini, Stefano Maffei, Carla Sedini
pp.  237 – 260, download
(https://doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-060-010)

Abstract

This research explores the role of Circular Design and education in facilitating the transition to a Circular Economy for SMEs and start-ups. Despite accessible resources in Circular Design, the extent of their adoption by businesses—and e specially SMEs, who face resource limitations and lack scientific access—remains uncertain. Circular Design operates at a systemic level, requiring consideration of economic, social, and environmental aspects in innovation processes. This study analyzes existing tools and their alignment with SME needs, identifying critical areas for Circular Design adoption. The analysis reveals an emerging and diverse set of resources supporting circular transitions. Learning Ecosystems for the Circular Economy are characterized by multi-sectoral partnerships, flexible learning approaches, and digital advancements. Three key directions emerge for developing Learning Ecosystems: assessing companies’ circular maturity, integrating circular design into company culture, and fostering collaboration with innovation ecosystems. In conclusion, this research lays the groundwork for implementing targeted Learning Ecosystems to advance circularity within SMEs, emphasizing the importance of collaboration and innovative approaches in circular innovation

Keywords: Circular Economy, Circular Design, Design Thinking, Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Learning Ecosystems.

References

1. Amsterdam Smart City. (2021). The Circular Toolbox. Retrieved from: https://www.amsterdamsmartcity.com/projects/circular-toolbox, (last access: 28th May 2023).
2. Baumann, H., Boons, F., & Bragd, A. (2002). Mapping the green product development field: Engineering, policy and business perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 10(5), 409–425.
3. Bocken, N. M., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2014). A Literature and Practice Review to Develop Sustainable Business Model Archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 42-56.
4. Bonciu, F. (2014). The European Economy: from a linear to a circular economy. Rom. J. Eur. Aff. 14 (4), 78-91.
5. Bovea, M. D., & P.rez-Belis, V. (2012). A taxonomy of ecodesign tools for integrating environmental requirements into the product design process. Journal of Cleaner Production, 20(1), 61–71.
6. Butković, L., Mihić, M., Zvonko, S. (2023). Assessment methods for evaluating circular economy projects in construction: a review of available tools. International Journal of Construction Management, 23:5, 877-886, DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2021.1942770.
7. Byggeth, S., & Hochschorner, E. (2006). Handling trade-offs in ecodesign tools for sustainable product development and procurement. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(15–16), 1420–1430.
8. Camacho-Otero, J., Boks, C., Pettersen, N. (2018). Consumption in the Circular Economy: A Literature Review. Sustainability. Vol. 10(8).
9. Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R., Chiaroni, D., Del Vecchio, P. and Urbinati, A. (2020), “Designing business models in circular economy: a systematic literature review and research agenda”, Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 1734-1749.
10. Chu, W., Glad, W., Wever, R. (2021). User Activity Matters: An Activity Theory Informed Design Toolkit for Sustainable Behavior Design. EcoDesign and Sustainability II, 2021
11. Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute. (2021). Certified Product Registry. Retrieved from: https://www.c2ccertified.org/products/registry, (last access: 28th May 2023).
12. Danish Design Centre. (2019). Designing Your Circular Transition Toolkit. Retrieved from: https://danskdesigncenter.dk/en/designing-your-circular-transition, (last access: 28th May 2023).
13. De Jesus, A., Antunes, P., Ferreira dos Santos, R., Mendonça, S. (2016). Eco-innovation in the transition to a circular economy: an analytical literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 2999-3018. Elsevier.
14. De los Ríos, C., Charnley, F.J.S., 2017. Skills and capabilities for a sustainable and circular economy: the changing role of design. J. Clean. Prod. 160, 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.130, Elsevier.
15. Del Vecchio, P., Secundo, G., Mele, G., & Passiante, G. (2021). Sustainable entrepreneurship education for circular economy: emerging perspectives in Europe. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 27(8), 2096-2124.
16. Design Council UK. (2022). Design for Planet. Retrieved from: https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/news-opinion/design-planet, (last access: 28th May 2023).
17. Ecodesign Circle 4.0. (2021). Circular Design Toolkit. Retrieved from: http://www.ecodesigncircle.eu/toolkit, (last access: 28th May 2023).
18. Elia, V., Gnoni, M.G., Tornese, F., 2017. Measuring circular economy strategies through index methods: a critical analysis. J. Clean. Prod. 142, 2741-2751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.196. Elsevier.
19. Ellen MacArthur Foundation & IDEO. The Circular Design Guide. Retrieved from: https://www.circulardesignguide.com/ (last access: 28th May 2023).
20. Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Towards a circular economy: business rationale for an accelerated transition, Retrieved from: https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/towards-a-circular-economy-business-rationale-for-an-accelerated-transition, (last access: 28th May 2023).
21. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Circular design: turning ambition into action, Retrieved from: https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/topics/circulardesign/overview?gad=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwmN2iBhCrARIsAG_G2i5xc1x5X0TYQCUVtrzkVDjJJGl7h1Cc872khMJ5hnLLEljlt7D970IaAlZiEALw_wcB, (last access: 28th May 2023).
22. European Commission. (2014). ‘Towards a Circular Economy: a Zero Waste Programme for Europe’. Brussels.
23. European Commission. (2015a). An EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy, Com. Brussels, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
24. European Commission. 2015b. ‘Closing the Loop – an EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy’. Brussels.
25. European Commission. (2018). ‘A European Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy’. Brussels.
26. European Commission. (2020). ‘A new Circular Economy Action Plan For a cleaner and more competitive Europe’. Brussels.
27. European Commission. (2021). A European Green Deal Striving to Be the First Climate-Neutral Continent, Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en, (last access: 28th May 2023).
28. European Environmental Agency. (2016). Circular Economy in Europe – Developing the Knowledge Base (No 2). European Environmental Agency. https://doi.org/10.2800/51444.
29. Ferasso, M., Beliaeva, T., Kraus, S., Clauss, T. and Ribeiro‐Soriano, D. (2020), “Circular economy business models: the state of research and avenues ahead”, Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 29 No. 8, pp. 3006-3024
30. Ghisellini, P., Cialani, C. and Ulgiati, S. (2016), “A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 114, pp. 11-32.
31. Kalmykova, Y., Sadagopan, M., Rosado, L., 2018. Circular economy e from review of theories and practices to development of implementation tools. Resou. Conserv. Recyc. 135 (October), 190-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.10.034, Elsevier.
32. Kirchherr, J. and Piscicelli, L. (2019), “Towards an education for the circular economy (ECE): five teaching principles and a case study”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 150, 104406.
33. Kirchherr, J., et al., 2018. Barriers to the circular economy: evidence from the European Union (EU). Ecol. Econ. 150 (December 2017), 264-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.04.028, Elsevier.
34. Korhonen, J., et al., 2018. Circular economy as an essentially contested concept. J. Clean. Prod. 175, 544-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.111. Elsevier.
35. Kravchenko, M., Pigosso, D., McAloone, T. (2019). Towards the ex-ante sustainability screening of circular economy initiatives in manufacturing companies: Consolidation of leading sustainability-related performance indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production. Vol 241(20)
36. Lahti, T., Wincent, J. and Parida, V. (2018), “A definition and theoretical review of the circular economy, value creation, and sustainable business models: where are we now and where should research move in the future?”, Sustainability, Vol. 10 No. 8, p. 2799.
37. Lewandowski, M. (2016). Designing the Business Models for Circular Economy—Towards the Conceptual Framework. Sustainability, 8(1), 43.
38. Lindgreen, E., Salomone, R., Reyes, T. 2020. A Critical Review of Academic Approaches, Methods and Tools to Assess Circular Economy at the Micro Level. Sustainability, 12(12), 49-73; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124973.
39. McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2010). Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. North Point Press.
40. Moggi, S., Bonomi, S. and Ricciardi, F. (2018), “Against food waste: CSR for the social and environmental impact through a network-based organizational model”, Sustainability, Vol. 10 No. 10, p. 3515.
41. Moreno Beguerisse, M.; Ponte, O.; Charnley, F. (2017). Taxonomy of design strategies for a circular design tool. In: Conference Proceedings of Plate 2017, 8-10 November 2017, Delft, the Netherlands (Research in Design)
42. Murray, A., Skene, K. and Haynes, K. (2017), “The circular economy: an interdisciplinary exploration of the concept and application in a global context”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 140 No. 3, pp. 369-380.
43. Prieto-Sandoval, V., Jaca, C., Ormazabal, M., 2018. Towards a consensus on the circular economy. J. Clean. Prod. 179, 605e615. Elsevier.
44. Rexfelt, O., Selvefors, A. (2021). The Use2Use Design Toolkit—Tools for User-Centred Circular Design. Sustainability, Vol.13, 5397.
45. Ricciardi, F., De Bernardi, P. and Cantino, V. (2020), “System dynamics modeling as a circular process: the smart commons approach to impact management”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 151, 119799.
46. Ritz.n, S. (2000). Integration environmental aspects into product development: Proactive measures. KTH.
47. Rossi, M., Germani, M., & Zamagni, A. (2016). Review of ecodesign methods and tools. Barriers and strategies for an effective implementation in industrial companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 129, 361–373.
48. Rousseaux, P., Gremy-Gros, C., Bonnin, M., Henriel-Ricordel, C., Bernard, P., Floury, L., Staigre, G., & Vincent, P. (2017). “Eco-tool-seeker”: A new and unique business guide for choosing ecodesign tools. Journal of Cleaner Production, 151, 546–577.
49. Royo, M., Chulvi, V., Mulet, E., Ruiz-Pastor, L. (2023). Analysis of parameters about useful life extension in 70 tools and methods related to eco-design and circular economy. Journal of Industrial Ecology, Volume 27, Issue 2, Pages 562 – 586
50. Saidani, M., Kim, H., Cluzel, F., Leroy, Y., Yannou, B. 2020. Product circularity indicators: what contributions in designing for a circular economy? Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference, Cambridge University Press.
51. Sauve, S., Bernard, S., Sloan, P. (2016). Environmental sciences, sustainable development, and circular economy: alternative concepts for trans-disciplinary research. Environ. Dev. 17, 48-56. Elsevier.
52. Scipioni,S., Russ,M., Niccolini, F. (2021). From Barriers to Enablers: The Role of Organizational Learning in Transitioning SMEs into the Circular Economy. Sustainability 2021, Vol. 13.
53. Schaltegger, S. and Wagner, M. (2011), “Sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainability innovation: categories and interactions”, Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 222-237, https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.682.
54. Shevchenko, T., Cluzel, F. (2023) ‘A Circular Product Design Toolkit: Methodological Background, Basic Principles and Building Blocks’, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED23), Bordeaux, France, 24-28 July 2023.

back to Table of Contents